Abstract: Objective To explore the sputum negative conversion rate and risk factors of curative effect for pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) with tracheobronchial tuberculosis (TBTB).  Methods Two hundred and five primary PTB cases with TBTB were confirmed by bronchoscopy in Guangzhou Chest Hospital from Jul 2011 to Feb 2012, all of whom received chemotherapy of 2-3HRZE/9-10HR and different transbronchoscopic interventional therapy according to TBTB types. After more than 6 months’ following-up, the sputum negative conversion rates after 2 months treatment and 6 months treatment were analyzed, and risk factors were also analyzed by backward logistic regression analysis. Results After the treatment of 2 months and 6 months, the sputum negative conversion rate were 59.0% (121/205) and 90.2% (185/205) respectively. Multiple-factor logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR=1.013, P=0.061, 95%CI＝0.992-1.035), lesion range (OR=2.012, P=0.022, 95%CI＝0.948-4.273), number of cavity (OR=1.655, P=0.031, 95%CI＝1.116-2.453) and drug resistance (OR=1.298, P=0.047, 95%CI＝0.7962-2.117) were risk factors of sputum non-negative conversion after 2 months’ treatment. The drug resistance (OR=1.452, P=0.022,95%CI＝0.818-2.575) and sputum positive after 2 months’ treatment (OR=18241.990, P=0.008, 95%CI＝0.000-6.4×10⁸) were the risk factors of sputum positive after 6 months’ treatment. Conclusion The sputum negative conversion rate is relatively low for PTB with TBTB after 2 months’ treatment. It needs to intensify treatment and management and improve treatment compliance. The risk factors of sputum non-negative conversion after 2 months’ treatment were age, lesion range, number of cavity and drug resistance, while those after 6 months’ treatment were drug resistance and sputum positive after 2 months’ treatment.

Key words: Tuberculosis, pulmonary/complications, Tuberculosis, pulmonary/drug therapy, Tuberculosis, bronchi/drug therapy, Tuberculosis, trachea/drug therapy, Bronchoscopy, Risk factors