Abstract: Objective To determine the prevalence of primary and acquired drug resistance in M.tuberculosis,and to improve the drug resistance surveillance system in Shanghai. Methods According to WHO/IUATLD guidelines for anti-tuberculosis drug resistance surveillance,sampling method of 100% diagnostic center was adopted.All sputum culture-positive patients among local residents registered at any district(county) tuberculosis dispensary in Shanghai from February 2004 to January 2005 were enrolled.Species identification and drug susceptibility tests were performed on all samples. Results 1 076 patients were enrolled during the study period,in which 1015 patients had the Results of identification and susceptibility.Of 1 015 strains,964(95.0%)M.tuberculosis and 51(5.0%)non-tuberculosis mycobacteria were identified.The prevalence of drug-resistant M.tuberculosis among new cases and re-treatment cases was 15.4%(118/764) and 27.5%(55/200),respectively.The prevalence of MDR-tuberculosis among new cases and re-treatment cases was 3.9%(30/764)and 12.5%(25/200),respectively. Conclusion The prevalence of drug-resistant tuberculosis was severe in Shanghai,suggesting the necessary to strengthen the TB control program.

Key words: Tuberculosis,pulmonary, Drug resistance