Abstract:

In order to observe the effects of electronic bronchoscopy diagnosis and interventional treatment in children with tracheobronchial tuberculosis (TBTB), the author collected 11 children with TBTB as the research subjects who were admitted to Kunming Children’s Hospital from January 2018 to October 2019 and underwent bronchoscopy diagnosis and interventional treatment. The subjects were examined by imaging, tuberculin skin test, γ-interferon release test, sputum culture, sputum and gastric juice detection for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and culture. Then the suspicious subjects were finally confirmed by bronchoscopy, observing the specific changes under the microscope, and pathological examination of the biopsy tissue. Subjects received bronchoscopy interventional therapy 2 weeks after antituberculosis drug treatment in non-emergency cases. Among them, 10 cases were treated by electronic bronchoscopy forceps and cryotherapy, and 1 case was treated by balloon dilatation, holmium laser and cryotherapy. The bronchoscopy revealed granulation proliferative change in 3 cases, and caseous necrotic ulceration change in 8 cases, including 1 case complicated by cicatricial stricture. The 11 cases were treated by bronchoscopy for 2-6 times/case, and the obstructed and narrowed lumen recovered unobstructed. After follow-up review, all the children were effective in interventional treatment, and there were no complications such as airway spasm, massive hemorrhage, pneumothorax, secondary pulmonary infection, and tuberculosis spread. The results showed that TBTB, on the basis of antituberculosis drug treatment, could effectively remove caseous necrosis, reduce granulation hyperplasia, relieve respiratory tract obstruction, and promote lesion absorption through bronchoscopic interventional therapy, which was conducive to the recovery of atelectasis and was safe and reliable.

Key words: Tuberculosis, Trachea, Bronchi, Child, Bronchoscopy, Treatment outcome