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Table of Content

    10 March 2008, Volume 30 Issue 3
    Clinical analysis of a human avian influenza case in mainland China
    Wang Wei,Li Ning,WangJinhe,et al.
    Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis. 2008, 30(3):  161-164. 
    Abstract ( 1397 )   PDF (12797KB) ( 396 )   Save
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    Objective To study the clinical characteristics of the first human avian influenza case in mainland China.Methods Analysed and summarized the clinical information of the human avian influenza case.Results The development of the disease was extremely fast,and its prognosis was poor.Clinical feature included high fever,cough,dyspnea,shadow of lung in X-ray film and multiple organ failure syndrome.Virus was isolated,cultured and identified as avian influenza A(H5N1)viruse.Conclusions Human avian influenza is a emerging,severe and acute infectious disease,and high importance should be attached to it.
    CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cell suppressed the adaptive immunity in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis
    Chen Xinchun,Zhou Boping,Deng Qunyi,et al.
    Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis. 2008, 30(3):  165-169. 
    Abstract ( 1394 )   PDF (10439KB) ( 749 )   Save
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    Objective To investigate the suppressive activity of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cell on cellular immune response and its potential contribution to pathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis.Methods The regulatory function of CD4+CD25+T cells on cellular response including cell proliferation,cytokine IFN-γ and IL-10 production in patients with active tuberculosis was assayed through isolation of CD4+CD25+T cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC).Results Depletion of CD4+CD25+T cells did not increase the cellular proliferation response of PBMC from healthy donors to BCG restimulation,but did result in significant increase of BCG stimulated cell proliferation,IFN-γ and IL-10 production in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.In addition,isolated CD4+CD25+T cells from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis significantly suppressed the cell proliferation,IFN-γ and IL-10 production of CD4+CD25-T cells in response to BCG stimulation.Conclusions CD4+CD25+T cells suppressed Mycobacterium tuberculosis immunity and therefore may contribute to the pathogenesis of tuberculosis.
    Operational research on the modern model for TB control
    Operational research on the modern model for TB control
    Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis. 2008, 30(3):  170-176. 
    Abstract ( 1657 )   PDF (15985KB) ( 372 )   Save
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    Objective To explore and establish a modern model for TB control compatible with Hunan or China situation to achieve high case detection rate and cure rate of TB.Methods In light of the actual status,according to organizations,funding mechanism,case finding,case management,drug supply,health promotion,training,incentive mechanism,supervision,scientific research,international cooperation and monitoring evaluation of TB control,the corresponding implementation measures and management measures were developed.Results The high case detection rate of TB patients has been achieved.Registered rate of new smear positive TB increased annually from 1.71/100000 in 1992 to 47.97/100000 in 2005.Case detection rate increased year by year from 2.9% in 1992 to 81.4% in 2005.The cure rate of TB patients also increased.From 1992 to 2005,cure rate of smear positive TB in Hunan was 90.5%,treatment success rate was 93.8%.Notable social benefits have been achieved.From 1992 to 2005,273104 smear positive TB cases were cured in Hunan,reducing 136500 cases died from TB,5462000~8193000 healthy persons were prevented from being infected with TB.Total direct input in Hunan is 164 million yuan(RMB),which leads to the direct benefit of 191 million yuan(RMB).Total direct cost of the household is 522 million yuan(RMB),and the direct benefit is 1230 million yuan(RMB).Epidemic situation of TB has been controlled effectively.The morbidity rate of smear positive PTB cases have been declined from 179/100000 in 1990 to 107/100000 in 2000.Retreatment smear positive case proportion has been cut down year by year,from 64.9% in 1992 to 8.2% in 2005.Age group with disease have been shifted to the older.In 2005,numbers with disease of the group of 0~14 years old declined 80.0% comparing with it was in 1993.Average age with disease have been shifted from 41.9 years old in 1993 to 44.3 years old in 2005.Conclusions The modern model for TB control,consists of 12 important elements including organization,funding mechanism,cases finding,case management,drug supply,health promotion,training,incentive mechanism,supervision,scientific research,international cooperation and monitoring evaluation has been established and improved.It is effective measures to achieve the high case detection rate and cure rate.
    The analysis of the activities and the fund use of central government funded tuberculosis project in Anhui province in 2006
    Shi Sijiu,Cheng Deyou,Li Ling
    Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis. 2008, 30(3):  177-180. 
    Abstract ( 1481 )   PDF (8926KB) ( 418 )   Save
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    Objective To understand the activities and fund use of the central government funded tuberculosis project in 2006 and to identify,analyze and solve the existing problems to provide better evidence for policy-making.Methods According to the report forms of the project implementation and fund use from project counties in 2006,and the information collected through routine supervision,analysis and assessment were conducted.Results 1.Completion of work target:case detection rate of new smear positive TB reached 74.6%,the cure rate of new smear positive TB was 91.4%,the tracing rate of TB patient reached 7.9% and arriving rate reached 60.6%,the total arriving rate was 76.8%.The examination rate of close contact was 67.7%,the examination rate of bacillus tuberculosis was 6.1%.The annual task completion rate of sputum examination was 63.7%,and the positive coincidence rate of sputum examination was 95.5%.2.Fund use:the total provincial project fund utilization rate was 74%,among which the utilization rate of health promotion fund was above 90%,the utilization rate of the fund for report and treatment management,sputum examination,patient tracing,TB reporting through network and the examination of close contact were lower than 80%.The fund utilization rate in impoverished county was lower than in the other county(χ2=90.5 P<0.01),and the difference was statistically significant.Conclusions The impact of the project was substantial.To better implement the project,it is important to strengthen monitoring and supervision,establish the regular notification system,elevate the fund use progress,expedite the progress of routine work,and simplify the government procurement procedure.
    Analysis on the tracing circumstance of TB patients from health care facilities other than TB dispensary based on the internet reporting system in Hefei,2006
    Zhang Jieying
    Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis. 2008, 30(3):  181-184. 
    Abstract ( 1363 )   PDF (8324KB) ( 396 )   Save
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    Objective To investigate the main reasons of the low arrival rate after tracing of the TB patients or suspects reported by the internet-based reporting system from the health care facilities other than TB dispensary,and take measures to improve the arrival rate after tracing in the provincial capital city.Methods Monthly tracing forms about TB patients or suspects in 2006 from district center for disease prevention and control were used,the date of checking and tracing through the internet-reporting system from the health care facilities other than TB dispensary were analyzed.Results 1 552 cases of TB patients or suspects from the health care facilities other than TB dispensary were reported in 2006,among that 981(63.2%)cases arrived TB dispensary actively,314(55.0%)cases were traced and 90(28.7%)cases were arrived after tracing.The reason for primary tracing failure was the non-hefei registered permanent resident without contact telephone or false information(151 cases,58.8%).The main reasons for arriving failure of traced patients included the patients had been excluded from TB by TB special hospital or other general hospitals 57(25.45%),the cases received medical treatment in the local health care facilities 41(18.3%)and the cases were hospitalized 40(17.9%).Conclusions In order to enhance the total tracing rate,the key is to improve the quality of the infectious disease reporting card in hospitals in term of accuracy and completeness,followed by establishing the information exchange system for the TB dispensaries in provincial capital city and other prefectures and also to timely correct the information of the patients excluded from TB.
    The evaluation on the use of health promotion toolkit of Chinese TB control and prevention
    Wang Ni,Chen Qiulan,Wang Xiaomei,et al.
    Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis. 2008, 30(3):  185-187. 
    Abstract ( 1222 )   PDF (6426KB) ( 942 )   Save
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    Objective To evaluate the use of the health promotion toolkit of Chinese TB control and prevention and provide the scientific basis for the update.Methods Collect the information of the use of the health promotion toolkit at local TB dispensaries from Jul.2006 to Jue.2007 through questionnaire.Results The total use rate was 28.6%,and the use rate of the plane material was higher than that of the materials for mass media.Among the plane materials,the single leaf materials were printed in the largest quantity.71.4% of the video program and 52.8% of the radio program were broadcasted in golden time.Conclusions To achieve the Objective of the NTP(To achieve 80% TB awareness rate in 2010),the health promotion toolkit must be used sufficiently and reasonably,and the update of the toolkit should be implemented to response to the new challenges.
    Factors associated with the delay in tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment in Shengli oil-field
    Li Renzhong1,Liu Xiaohui,Liu Zhimin
    Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis. 2008, 30(3):  188-190. 
    Abstract ( 1455 )   PDF (8034KB) ( 577 )   Save
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    Objective To explore the factors associated with diagnosis and treatment delay for patients with tuberculosis in ShengLi oil-field of China.Methods A structured questionnaire was used to interview 214 tuberculosis patients who have registered in center for tuberculosis control of ShengLi oil administration bureau.Results The time of hospitalization had great importance to influence the delay in tuberculosis diagnosis.Gender,location of employee and family,institution of diagnosis had great importance to influence the delay in tuberculosis treatment.Conclusions General measures from both aspects of patient and health care facilities should be taken to reduce delay in tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment.
    Study on the methodology of pyrazinamide susceptibility testing by phage-based splitting assay
    Wu Longzhang,Cai Xingshan,Huang Jieling,et al.
    Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis. 2008, 30(3):  191-193. 
    Abstract ( 1278 )   PDF (5926KB) ( 696 )   Save
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    Objective To study the optimal experiment protocol,time of pyrazinamide susceptibility testing by phage-based splitting assay and its clinical applications.Result Middlebrook 7H9 acid liquid culture medium containing was added 0.4% sodium pyruvate as control.The numbers of plaques in the blank tubes and the optimal pyrazinamide action time of PhaB group and control group were observed.The drug susceptibility testing dilution method was used as control,pyrazinamide susceptibility testing by phage-based splitting assay and PhaB method were performed in 86 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates.Result The blank tubes in the control group and PhaB group formed 71 and 53 plaques,repectively.The agreement rates between the dilution method and new method were 90.7% and 87.2% after one day and two days of pyrazinamide action on the isolates,respectively.The agreement rate between the dilution method and PhaB method was 88.4%.Conclusions Based on PhaB,Middlebrook 7H9 acid culture medium containing sodium pyruvate could improve the accuracy of the test and shorten the action time between pyrazinamide and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
    Survey on awareness rate of tuberculosis control and prevention in the resident of Gansu Province
    Gan Peishang,Wang Bo,Yang Shumin,et al.
    Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis. 2008, 30(3):  194-196. 
    Abstract ( 1425 )   PDF (6399KB) ( 551 )   Save
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    Objective To understand awareness rate of tuberculosis control and prevention in the resident of Gansu Province,to provide control strategy and emphasis for further health promotion,and to provide baseline material for the evaluation of project in the end.Methods Multilevel stratified random sampling were used.Ranked according to GDP,87 counties were,stratified into three groups.Using the random number method,2 counties were randomly sampled in each group,2 townships were randomly sampled in each county,3 villages were randomly sampled in each township,100 households were sampled in each village,and finally 1 200 people were enrolled as research targets.Questionnaire survey was adopted.Results 7 015 eligible questionnaires were collected.The main source to attain TB knowledge included family member,colleague and doctor at village or township level.The awareness rate to all core information of the mass is 2.2%,the total awareness rate to core information of the mass is 54.1%,the awareness rate to 3 core information of the mass is 20.2%,the awareness rate to 2 core information of the mass is 23.1 %.The total awareness rate to core information in urban and rural areas are respectively 72.8% and 53.6%,which is significantly different(χ2=165.04,P<0.01).The difference of the total awareness rate of core information between the different occupations and different areas is significant(χ2=395.50,P<0.01 and χ2=9 466.00,P<0.01).Conclusions The TB knowledge awareness rate of the mass is still low and uneven across different areas.Health education on TB should take the remoted villages and schools as priorities.
    gidB mutations in streptomycin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical
    Shi Ruiru,Zhang Jianyuan,Liu Xin,et al.
    Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis. 2008, 30(3):  197-199. 
    Abstract ( 1477 )   PDF (5987KB) ( 789 )   Save
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    Objective To explore the role of gidB mutation in the mechanism of streptomycin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates.Methods Sixty streptomycin-resistant and thirty streptomycin-susceptible Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates were determined MIC and analyzed gidB,rpsL and rrs gene mutations by DNA sequencing.Results twenty percent of streptomycin-resistant isolates were found only harboring gidB mutation while 80% concurrently with rpsL or rrs mutations.There were also gidB mutations in streptomycin-sensitive isolates.Conclusions The role of gidB mutation in the mechanism of streptomycin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates is uncertain.
    The nonbronchial arterial angiography and interventional treatment for middling and massive hemoptysis of pulmonary tuberculosis
    Ao Guokun,Wang Zhongyuan,Chen Hongbing,et al.
    Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis. 2008, 30(3):  200-205. 
    Abstract ( 1469 )   PDF (18493KB) ( 304 )   Save
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    Objective To analyze the nonbronchial arterial angiography for middling and massive hemoptysis of pulmonary tuberculosis and evaluate their interventional treatment effect.Methods The 214 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis received intercostals and subclavian angiography,among them,intercostals and bronchial arterial bleeding were found in 153 patients,mammaria interna and bronchial arterial bleeding were found in 3 patients,mammaria interna and intercostals and bronchial arterial bleeding were found in 4 patients,mammaria interna and intercostals and superior thoracic and thoracica lateralis and bronchial arterial bleeding were found in 2 patients,mammaria interna and intercostals and thyrocervical trunk and bronchial arterial bleeding were found in 1 patient,intercostals and Inferior phrenic and bronchial arterial bleeding were found in 2 patients.The obvious bleeding arteries were embolized and analysed for clinical efficacy and complications.Results The digital subtraction angiography showed the bleeding sign was found in 465 intercostals arteries,among them,10.9% had contrast medium outflow.96.9% had reticulate new vascular,43.2% had intercostals artery to pulmonary artery fistula and intercostals artery to pulmonary vein fistula,32.9% had collateral circulation between arteries.The 10 mammaria interna arteries and two superior thoracic and two thoracica lateralis and one thyrocervical trunk and two inferior phrenic had reticulate new vascular and collateral circulation between intercostals artery and bronchial artery.The effective power was 84.2% in embolization,and 96.4% in repetitious embolization,and the complications occurred with chest distress,chest pain,and fever.Conclusions The intercostals,mammaria interna,superior thoracic,thoracica lateralis,thyrocervical trunk and inferior phrenic angiography and embolization have important clinical value in middling and massive hemoptysis treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis.It can improve curative effect and prevent relapse.
    Research on the efficacy of the standard treatment combined with the intervened general therapy in treating bronchial tuberculosis
    Zhang Tingmei,Xiong Min,Wu Jianwen,et al.
    Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis. 2008, 30(3):  206-209. 
    Abstract ( 1538 )   PDF (9376KB) ( 409 )   Save
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    Objective To explore the clinical effects of using bronchoscope to inject drug in the location and high frequent electro-cut method for bronchial tuberculosis(BTB).Methods Ninety-seven BTB patients who were diagnosed and on standard treated were randomly divided into 3 groups,and were combined with the treatment with bronchoscope intervention of drug injection and high frequent electro-cut.Efficacy was assessed and followed up after treatment.Results In the high frequent electro-cut group,the caseous necrotic mass and acestoma in the bronchi were cleaned away through the bronchoscope high frequency electric,and injected INH and gentamycin.This group’s average treatment frequency was 1.8 times and the total effective rate was 97.7%.In the local injection group,INH and gentamycin were used to lavage the focus locally after bronchial secretion was cleaned by bronchoscope.The average treatment frequency was 9.1 times and the total effective rate was 88.5%.The Control group’s effective rate was 55.5% which was only used the standard anti-TB treatment.Concluction BTB is easily to be miss in the diagnosis,and the treatment outcome of the standard anti-TB treatment was poor.However,the bronchoscope intervention of drug injection and high frequent electro-cut are more inexpensive,faster,more effective and safer.
    The value of thoracoscope examination in disease of pleura with fiberoptic bronchoscope
    Zhou Yiping,Ye Youzhen,Chen Xiaoke,et al.
    Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis. 2008, 30(3):  210-212. 
    Abstract ( 1551 )   PDF (9363KB) ( 464 )   Save
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    Objective To evaluate the clinical value of thoracoscope examination in disease of pleura with fiberoptic bronchoscope.Methods Twenty-two patients of pleural effusion and 25 patients of spontaneous pneumothorax were performed thoracoscope with fibrobronchoscope under local anesthesia.Results The diagnostic rate of patients with pleural effusion with thoracoscope was 95.4%(21/22),including 11 cases of pleural carcinomatosis,1 case of pleural malignant mesothelioma,6 cases of pleural tuberculosis and 3 cases of empyema.Twenty-five patients of pneumothorax,bullas or fistulae were seen in 13 patients,48%(12/25)of pneumothorax cases,etiologic causes have not been determined with thoracoscope.Conclusions It is safe and simple to apply the thoracoscope under local anesthesia.Through fiberbronchoscope,the pleural cavities could be observed clearly and biopsy specimen could be taken easily.In pleural effusions,the thoracoscopy provides the proof or exclusion of malignancy and tuberculosis.The thoracoscopy has proved also to be successful in the management of empyema and of spontaneous pneumothorax.
    Image analysis of 18 cases of sacroiliac joint tuberculosis
    Li Zhengmin,Yu Huishan,Chen Manxian
    Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis. 2008, 30(3):  213-215. 
    Abstract ( 1437 )   PDF (6598KB) ( 592 )   Save
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    Objective To evaluate the value of imaging manifestations in diagnosing the sacroiliac joint tuberculosis.Methods eighteen cases including 5 males and 13 females with clinically-proved sacroiliac joint tuberculosis were collected,and correlative imaging manifestations and clinical data were retrospectively analyzed.Results All the cases had unilateral joint lesion.Of the 18 cases,the lesions involved right sacroiliac joint in 10 cases(56%),and left sacroiliac joint in 8 cases(44%).The typical imaging findings were as followed:in the early period,the manifestations presented as blurred articular surface and widened joint space;subsequently erosive articular surface,bone defect,bone destruction,and adjacent bone sclerosis could be seen;severe cases manifested as sequestra,joint subluxation,and fibrous or bony ankylosis associated with cold abscess and sinus.Conclusions Imaging can well demonstrate the degree and the type of sacroiliac joint destruction,the region of abscess and adjacent structures,so it has significant effect on diagnosing and differentiating the sacroiliac joint tuberculosis.
    Exploration on increasing detection level of new infectious tuberculosis cases in the rural area in Wuxi,Jiangsu province
    Yao Xia,Shi Shunhua,Sun Fengmei
    Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis. 2008, 30(3):  216-219. 
    Abstract ( 1545 )   PDF (8629KB) ( 421 )   Save
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    Objective To explore the way to increase the detection rate of new infectious tuberculosis cases in rural areas.Methods Setting up the tuberculosis clinics and sputum examination sites in loun ship hospitals and implementing the intervention measures of tuberculosis patient:quality control of sputum examination monitroing and supervsion to increase the detection rate of new infectious taberculosis cases.Results During the last 5 years,the total tuberculosis control funds allocated was about 237 000 Yuan(RMB).The notification rate of smear positive tuberculosis patients and new smear positive tuberculosis patients raised year by year.The pulmonary tuberculosis cases detected by township tuberculosis clinics increased rapidly,and 62.7% of the notified smear positive tuberculosis patients were reported by township hospital.Conclusion The township hospital can be an important force in tuberculosis prevention and control in rural areas and it plays an important role in increasing the case rate.
    Analysis of factors related to referral of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis
    Yan Huakui,Yang Taihua,Yang Jinmin
    Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis. 2008, 30(3):  220-222. 
    Abstract ( 1806 )   PDF (6570KB) ( 753 )   Save
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    Objective To understand the cognition,attitude and behavior of medical staff from general medical institutions in referral of tuberculosis patients,analyze social,economic and cultural factors influencing the referral.Methods The correlated contents of Survey of Sociological Evaluation on Tuberculosis Control Program in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region were analyzed.Results The consultative rate of patients with symptoms was 82.8%,the referral rate in general health facility was 29.5%,and the arrival rate of the referred cases was 68.4%.60.6% patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were delayed in seeking health care service,50.5% patients were delayed in confirming the diagnosis.The factors related to the delayed consultation or without consultation including economic,awareness and poor transportation,etc.d final diagnosis and low rate of transfer treatment reflect low differentiation,technical proficiency and recognition.Conclusions Health promotion should be strengthened to improve the capacity of TB diagnosis,reporting and referral.TB dispensary should enhance the capacity in tracing and standard management.

Monthly, Established in Novembar 1934
ISSN 1000-6621
CN 11-2761/R

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    China Association for Science and Technology
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    Chinese Antituberculosis Association
    42 Dongsi Xidajie,Beijing 100710,China
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    WANG Li-xia(王黎霞)
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    Ll Jing-wen(李敬文)
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    Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis Publishing House
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