Abstract: Objective To learn the drug resistance situation of new and re-treatment TB cases，as well as the influencing factors of treatment failure，and to provide evidence for the case treatment and management in Heilongjiang. Methods The information of treatment and drug-resistance of patients enrolled in the drug resistance surveillance project in 2004 was analyzed. Results (1)There was an significant difference between new and re-treatment patients on drug-resistant (P<0. 001) ； (2) The major factors of treatment failure in new cases were place of residence (PP<0.05，adj C)R=4.70，95%CI[1. 76 — 12. 5])，and high sputum smear load (P<0. 05, adj OR = 5.52, 95% CI[1. 84-16. 61])； (3) The main factors of treatment failure in re-treated patients were MDR-TB (P<0. 05, adj OR = 5. 58，95% CI[1.44-21.69])，and the times of re-treatment (P<0. 05, adj OR = 3.34，95%CI[1. 31 — 8. 5]).Conclusions The difference of drug resistance between new and re-treatment patients shows thatchemotherapy should be chosen based on the result of drug sensitivity test ； these data suggest thatstandard short-course chemotherapy，based on first-line drugs, is inadequate for some patients，especially MDR-TB cases. Besides，the risk factors of treatment failure should be concerned to improve the measures of management and treatment and to reduce the emergence of treatment failure and drug resistance.

Key words: tuberculosis,pulmonarys drugtherapy , treatment failure, drug resistance, bacterial, Heilongjiang province