Abstract: Objective To evaluate the long-term efficacy of DOTS strategy which implemented in rural areas (include 10 rural districts and co unties) of Beijing in 1995,and to analyze the possible influence factors which w ould lead to relapse and the failure of treatment.Methods To analyze the treatment outcome Results of all new reg istered initial smear positive cases in rural areas of Beijing in 1995 for five -years with cohort analysis.Results Under the strict standards of DOTS,the number of case w ho had been treated under DOTS were 272,which occupied 72.8% of total cases.The cure rates of DOTS group and self-administered group in the cohort analysis at the end of the treatment course were 95.2% and 88.2% respectively.And the differ ence between th e two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05).The relapse rate over 5 years was 1.4% and 9.1% respectively in DOTS and self-administered group,the d ifference between the two groups was significant (P<0.01).Among the 372 cas es who were treated,6 cases failed in the treatment,11 cases relapsed,but only o ne became the chronic infectious case after the retreament.The possible inf luence factors which led to relapse and the failure of treatment might be incomp liance with the treatment.Conclusion The short and the long-term efficacy of DOTS strate gy implemented in rural areas of Beijing is wonderful as expected.The top priori ty of tuberculosis control should be focus on supervision of chemotherapy treatm ent by input of human sources and investment.

Key words: Tuberculosis,pulmonary/prevention and control, DOTS