Abstract: Objective  To learn and evaluate the awareness level of TB knowledge in 2010 to guide future health promotion and health education on TB control nationwide. Methods  The multi-stage stratified clustered equal ratio random sampling method was applied to select 176 survey sites nationwide including 77 urban sites and 99 rural sites. All 252 981 subjects who are 15 years old and above at the survey sites were interviewed face-to-face with the same questionnaire designed by the expert group of the National Awareness Survey (There are 5 questions in the questionnaire corresponding to the 5 key TB messages).  Results  The general awareness rate of all 5 key messages is 57.0%（720 912/1 264 905）. The awareness rate of the first key message, pulmonary TB is a harmful chronic respiratory infectious disease, is 68.0%（171 961/252 981）；the rate of the second key message, coughing with sputum for more than 2 weeks is highly suspicious of TB, is 74.4%（188 252/252 981）；the rate of the third key message, TB suspects should go to the county TB dispensary for examination and treatment, is 61.5%(155 611/252 981）；the rate of the fourth key message, TB examination and treatment at county TB dispensary is free of charge, is 30.7%(77 757/252 981）；and the rate of the fifth key message, most pulmonary TB patients will be cured with standard treatment, is 50.3%(127 331/252 981）. Out of the 5 key messages, the awareness of the message of free-charge service is the lowest（χ²=121 924.1, P＜0.001).  Conclusion  The awareness of key TB messages need to be further analyzed at all levels to plan and implement localized TB control health promotion and health education activities in the future.

Key words: Tuberculosis, pulmonary/prevention &, control, Health education, Health promotion, Questionnaires