Abstract: Objective  To analyze drug resistances to 8 kinds of anti-TB drugs and strain types in Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates in Kashi region, Xinjiang.   Methods  214 mycobacterial strains were cultured and isolated from sputum specimen from December 31, 2010, to June 1, 2010. and then identified their strain types and drug resistances to 8 kinds of anti-TB drugs, including isoniazid, rifampicin, streptomycin, ethambutol, ofloxacin, capreomycin, kanamycin, amikacin, by the proportional method for drug susceptibility testing. The count data between the two groups were compared using the χ² test, P<0.05 was considered as statistically significant difference.   Results  Of 214 isolates, 175 (81.78%) were Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 39 (18.22%) were Mycobacterium bovis. The drug-resistant rates had the statistical difference between Mycobacterium tuberculosis（29.14%，51/175）and Mycobacterium bovis （12.82%，5/39）(χ²=4.398，P=0.034). The total drug-resistant rate was 26.17%, initial drug-resistant rate was 25.97%（20/77）, and acquired drug-resistant rate was 26.28%（36/137）. They had not statistical difference (χ²=0.0003，P=1.00). The rates of resistance to 8 kinds of anti-TB drugs accounting for the top four were as follows: isoniazid, streptomycin, rifampicin, ethambutol.   Conclusion  The situation of drug resistance in TB patients is severe in Kashi region, Xinjiang. The infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is dominant.

Key words: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Tuberculosis,pulmonary, Microbial sensitivity tests, Drug resistance,bacterial