Abstract: Objective  To investigate the differentially expressed miRNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cell from the patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.  Methods Ten patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and 10 healthy controls were selected as the participants. 5ml of venous blood was collected, and then peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated and mixed from these 2 groups, respectively. The total RNA and miRNA were extracted. The miRNA was labeled and purified, and the endogenous differentially expressed miRNAs were screened by high-throughput miRNA microarray. The result of miRNA microarray was analyzed by the corrected ratio of hybridization signal intensity in 2 group. The validation was performed by real-time quantitative PCR.   Results  Twenty-six differentially expressed miRNAs were obtained in 2 groups, including 13 overexpressed  miRNAs and 13 downexpressed miRNAs. The results of comparation between the lung tuberculosis patients and healthy controls by real-time quantitative PCR approved that hsa-miR-1(1.085±0.005，1.018±0.011)（t=4.334,  P<0.01）was overexpressed, and hsa-miR-146(0.948±0.008，1.036±0.005)（t=4.460, P<0.01）and hsa-let-7e(1.020±0.007，1.091±0.004)（t=4.149, P<0.01）were downexpressed.  Conclusion  There are many differentially expressed miRNA between the patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and healthy controls.

Key words: Tuberculosis,pulmonary/blood, Leukocytes,mononuclear, Micro RNAs