Abstract: Objective To investigate the effect and indications of surgical resection in pulmonary tuberculosis combined with bronchial tuberculosis. Methods From January 1973 to December 2007，205 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis combined with bronchial tuberculosis underwent surgical resection therapy. According to classification of pulmonary tuberculosis，there were 3 cases of primary pulmonary tuberculosis, 19 infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis，53 cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis 9 45 chronic fibro-cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis，48 tuberculosis tumor or caseous pneumonia，27 tuberculous tracheobronchial stenosis，10 destroyed lungs. According to Chinese classification of bronchial tuberculosis, there were 30 cases of type Ⅰ.91 type Ⅱ，50 type Ⅲ，34 type IV. Result The modes of surgical treatment included： pneumonectomy in 15 cases. pneumonectomy combined with thoracoplasty in 32 cases，lobectomy in 106 cases, lobectomy combined with thoracoplasty in 29 cases, lobectomy or pneumonectomy combined with bronchoplasty in 14 cases，Other operations in 9 cases. The overall clinical cure rate was 95. 0%. The rate of complication was 11. 2%. The operation mortality was 0. 05%. Conclusion Although chemotherapy is an important treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis combined with bronchial tuberculosis，the operation is necessary for pari of the patients. Surgical operations may increase cure rates of the patients.

Key words: tuberculosis, pulmonary/surgical, tuberculosis/surgical，bronchus disease, retrospetive