Abstract: Objective To discuss the causes and prevention measures of misdiagnoses of pulmonary vasculitis as pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods Through discussion of the causes of misdiagnoses of 5 cases pulmonary vasculitis as pulmonary tuberculosis,we put forward the correct thinking way of diagnosis and misdiagnosis prevention Methods for pulmonary vasculitis. Results Five patients with pulmonary vasculitis all were misdiagnosed as pulmonary tuberculosis,and received non-proper examination and therapy,delayed disease diagnosis and treatment.3 patients were improving and discharged,and 2 patients died. Conclusion clinical physicians should raise their understanding of pulmonary vasculitis.When the patients don’t show improvement after relevant treatment,the anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody(ANCA) in serum should be examined in time.If there are good conditions,lung biopsy should be done to diagnose definitely.

Key words: Pulmonary vasculitis, Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody(ANCA), Misdiagnose, Pulmonary tuberculosis