Abstract: Objective To observe and evaluate the drug susceptibility of Rifapentine on Rifampin resistant tuberculous(TB) bacterium and its treatment outcome on pulmonary TB with Rifampin resistance. Methods Eighty cases of pulmonary TB with Rifampin resistance were randomly divided into group A and group B.Different treatment regimens as DEZThT and DEZThP were applied in group A(40 cases) and group B(40 cases) for 12 months respectively.The sputum negative conversion,the absorption of lung foci,and side effects or poor clinical response of patients were observed. Result The sputum negative conversion rates were 55.0% in group A and 28.2% in group B after twelve months treatment respectively with significant difference((P＜ 0.05).Furthermore,the absorption rates of lung foci determined by X-ray were 57.5% in group A and 33.3% in group B with significant difference((P＜ 0.05). Conclusion Our Results demonst rate that Rifapentine is still effective in the treatment of Rifampin resistant pulmonary TB in clinical practice.

Key words: Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, Drug resistance, Pulmonary tuberculosis, Rifapentine, Ri-fampicin