Abstract: Objective To explore the approach of increasing detection rate of new smear positive tuberculosis cases in rural areas.Methods To utilize randomized control study,we selected randomly 6 townships in Hai’an county and divided randomly into 2 groups.Different intervention approach was carried out in the 2 groups.The other 8 townships were composed to control group.Results The new smear positive rate was 40/100000 in intervention group 1 that carried out referral management at countryside community health service station.The rate was 29.1/100000 in intervention group 2 that carried out sputum examinatioqn in township village smear clinic.The rate was 16.3/100000 in control group（χ²=38.6,P<0.0001）.Conclusion Strengthening referral management at countryside community health service station and carrying out sputum examination in township smear exemination sites could all increase the detection rate of new smear positive.But the staffs training,laboratory building and examination quality control of sputum examination sites in township village need to be enhanced.

Key words: Pulmonary tuberculosis/prevention and control, Tuberculin test