Abstract: Objective To analyse the clinic characters and the misdiagnosis reasons of pulmonary aspergillosis patients. Methods An retrospective study was carried out in 31 cases that have been misdiagnosed as tuberculosis(TB) and finally diagnosed aspergillosis by operation. Result There were 20 male patients and 11 female patients, whose age from 17 to 55 years old and average age was 35.8.The duration of illness from 6 months to 20 years, mean duration was 36.8 months. The cardinal symptoms were cough and sputum accounting for 90.3% and haemoptysis accounting for 93.5%. Analysing the images, there were 12 cases with ball or node in X-ray and all were single. There were 17 cases with differently sheet and streaky shadow in X-ray, there were 2 cases with one lung destroyed, there were 18 cases with "new moon"signs accounting for 58%. The pathological changes usually locates in the upper and under lobar and single lung, which are the frequently place that TB happened (accounting for 77%). The sputum test of all cases were negative, by giving normally therapy of anti-TB and anti-inflammation, and the state of illness of all cases were unconspicuous after therapy, including 6 cases that treated with antigungal before operation. Conclusion The misdiagnosis reasons were that the clinic and X-ray exhibitions of TB were similar to that of aspergillosis. The positive of sputum test for aspergillosi was low. With the effect of old TB history, if the state of illness were changed, it easily mistook as TB recurred. If the patient whose chest X-ray has "new noon"signs has repeated cough and sputum and the effect of antituberculosis is not good, we should think of aspergillosi and operated in time on these patients.

Key words: aspergillosi, pulmonary tuberculosis, misdiagnosis