Abstract: Objective  To understand the culture and drug-resistance of  Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Kunming area. Methods  The specimens from the tuberculosis (TB) patients and suspected TB patients were examined by BACTEC MGIT 960, Roche culture and acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear. The incubation time, culture positive rate, and contamination rate were analyzed. The 5 first-line anti-TB drug (streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, pyrazinamide) resistances were detected, respectively. Results  The culture positive rate was 38.2%（782/2046），by BACTEC MGIT 960. Roche culture positive rate was 32.6% (666/2046). The TB diagnosis rate was 37.3% (719/1928). First-line anti-TB drug-resistant rate was 41.9% (212/506)，and multidrug-resistant rate was 20.0% (101/506). Conclusion  Tuberculosis patients resistence is serve to first-line anti-TB drug in Kunming area.

Key words: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Drug resistance, bacterial, Bacteriological techniques