Abstract: Objective To observe and evaluate the therapeutic effect of thymic peptide and Mycobacterium Phlei in treating initial smear positive tuberculosis patient. Methods 150 initial smear prositive tuberculosis patients were divided into three groups,named group A,group B and group C randomly.There are 50 patients in each group.Group A was treated with anti-tuberculosis drugs and thymic peptide;Group B was treated with anti-tuberculosis drugs and Mycobacterium Phlei;and Group C was simply treated with anti-tuberculosis drugs.The quantity of T leukomonocyte subgroup and NK-cell in peripheral blood were calculated,the change of the absorption of the focus and sputum conversion were observed before the treatment,after one month and two-month treatment. Results There was no difference for the absorption of the focus and sputum conversion rate among the three groups after one month treatment.The absorption of the focus and sputum conversion rate in group A and B were higher than group C after two-month treatment.The quantity of CD3 and CD4 increased,CD8 declined,CD4/CD8 increasesd,and NK-cell declined in three groups.The effect of group A and B were better than group C. Conclusion Thymic peptide and Mycobacterium Phlei can improve tuberculosis patients’ cellular immune function obviously,accelerate sputum conversion rate of mycobacterium tuberculosis patients,and the absorption of focus.However,there is no different between group A and B.

Key words: Mycobacterium Phlei, Thymic peptide, Pulmonary tuberculosis, T leukomonocyte subgroup, NK-cell