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中国防痨杂志 ›› 2022, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (12): 1273-1278.doi: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20220230

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

青海省牧区居民结核病防治核心知识知晓率调查分析

王朝才1(), 宋佳慧2, 刘燕2, 魏於家1, 晁秀珍1, 李尔琛1, 蒋明霞1   

  1. 1青海省疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制所,西宁 810007
    2青海大学医学部公共卫生学院,西宁 810001
  • 收稿日期:2022-06-20 出版日期:2022-12-10 发布日期:2022-12-02
  • 通信作者: 王朝才 E-mail:qhcdcwzc@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    2020年青海省昆仑英才拔尖人才项目(2020-12)

Investigation and analysis on awareness rate of core knowledge of tuberculosis prevention and control among residents in pastoral areas of Qinghai Province

Wang Chaocai1(), Song Jiahui2, Liu Yan2, Wei Yujia1, Chao Xiuzhen1, Li Erchen1, Jiang Mingxia1   

  1. 1Department of Infection Disease, Qinghai Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Xining 810007, China
    2Department of Public Health, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China
  • Received:2022-06-20 Online:2022-12-10 Published:2022-12-02
  • Contact: Wang Chaocai E-mail:qhcdcwzc@126.com
  • Supported by:
    Qinghai Province High-end Innovative Talents Thousand Talents Program(2020-12)

摘要:

目的: 了解青海省牧区居民结核病防治知识知晓情况,为今后有针对性地开展健康教育工作提供依据。 方法: 2021年3—8月,采用多阶段分层整群抽样的方法对青海省6个藏族自治州32个县的牧民,使用专项调查专家组经文献检索和专家咨询后统一设计的调查问卷进行面对面访问式调查,共发放3310份问卷,收回有效问卷3241份,问卷有效率为97.92%。调查问卷内容包括人群的基本信息、结核病防治知识核心信息的知晓情况、获取结核病防治信息的主要渠道等。 结果: 青海省牧区居民结核病防治知识知晓率为81.49%(13206/16205),在单一条目知识知晓率中,“咳嗽、咳痰2周以上或痰中带血,应该怀疑得了肺结核”的知晓率最高,为91.11%(2953/3241);“只要坚持正规治疗,绝大部分肺结核患者能治好”的知晓率最低,为71.52%(2318/3241)。3241名研究对象中,接受过健康教育的居民占91.48%(2965/3241),未接受过健康教育者占8.52%(276/3241)。居民接受教育途径的前三位为电视、传单/折页/宣传画、宣传栏/墙报/黑板报,分别占68.80%(2040/2965)、63.61%(1886/2965)、61.42%(1821/2965)。牧区居民最希望接受健康教育的途径为广播/电视/电影/音像材料等,占73.71%(2389/3241),其次为张贴画/宣传栏/板报/展板/墙体标语和医生宣传,分别占59.80%(1938/3241)和56.56%(1833/3241)。 结论: 青海省牧区居民结核病防治知识知晓率尚未达到国家规划的指标要求,还需加强牧区结核病防治知识宣传教育工作,有针对性地开展适宜牧区的宣教措施。

关键词: 结核, 健康知识,态度,实践, 问卷调查

Abstract:

Objective: To explore the core knowledge of tuberculosis prevention and control among residents in pastoral areas of Qinghai,so as to provide a basis for targeted health education in the future. Methods: From March to August 2021, the herdsmen in 32 counties of 6 Tibetan autonomous prefectures in Qinghai were investigated using the method of multi-stage stratified cluster sampling. A face-to-face interview survey was conducted using the questionnaire designed by the special expert group after literature search and expert consultation. A total of 3310 questionnaires were distributed and 3241 valid questionnaires were collected, with an effective rate of 97.92%. The questionnaire includede the basic demographic characteristics, the awareness rate of the core knowledge of tuberculosis prevention and control and the main way for getting tuberculosis knowledge and information. Results: The total awareness rate of tuberculosis prevention and control knowledge among residents in pastoral areas of Qinghai was 81.49% (13206/16205). Among the single item knowledge awareness rates, the awareness rate of “coughing or coughing up sputum for more than 2 weeks or with blood in sputum, should be suspected of having tuberculosis” was the highest (91.11%, 2953/3241); while the awareness rate of “as long as regular treatment is adhered to, most tuberculosis patients can be cured” was the lowest (71.52%, 2318/3241). Of the 3241 subjects, 91.48% (2965/3241) had received health education, those without health education accounted for 8.52% (276/3241). The top three ways for residents to receive education were television (68.80%, 2040/2965), flyers/folds/posters (63.61%, 1886/2965), and billboards/wall newspapers/blackboard newspapers (61.42%, 1821/2965). The most desirable way for pastoral residents to receive health education was radio/television/film/audio-visual materials (73.71%, 2389/3241), followed by posters/billboards/billboards/display boards/wall slogans (59.80%, 1938/3241) and doctor publicity (56.56%, 1833/3241). Conclusion: The awareness rate of core knowledge of tuberculosis prevention and control among residents in pastoral areas of Qinghai is lower than the requirement of the National Tuberculosis Control Program. It is necessary to strengthen the propaganda and education of tuberculosis prevention and control knowledge in pastoral areas, and targeted propaganda and education measures suitable for pastoral areas should be carried out.

Key words: Tuberculosis, Health knowledge, attitudes, practice, Questionnaires survey

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