结核病疫苗及接种策略研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6621.2021.06.018

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目前全球唯一获得批准且应用最广泛的结核病疫苗是卡介苗,它能有效预防婴幼儿结核性脑膜炎和播散性结核病的发生,但是对青少年和成人的保护作用有限,对已感染结核分枝杆菌人群的保护效果也欠佳。因此,开发新型高效疫苗、提高疫苗免疫强度、增长疫苗保护时间成为结核病防控的主要研究方向。作者就多样化的结核病疫苗类型、接种途径和免疫策略进行梳理,总结关于提高疫苗效力的信息,以期为临床前和临床试验方案的并行改进提供参考。

关键词: 卡介苗, 疫苗, 接种, 综述

Abstract:

BCG vaccine is now the only approved and the most widely used tuberculosis vaccine worldwide. It can effectively prevent the tuberculous meningitis in infant and the disseminated tuberculosis, however, for teenagers and adults, as well as those who have been infected with MTB, the protection effect is poor. Therefore, the main research direction of tuberculosis prevention and control includes to develop new effective vaccines, to increase the immune intensity of vaccine and extend protection time of vaccines. The authors reviewed various tuberculosis vaccine types, inoculation routes and immunization strategies, and summarized the information of improving vaccine efficacy, in order to provide reference for the parallel improvement of pre-clinical and clinical trial protocols.

Key words: BCG vaccine, Vaccines, Vaccination, Review

王元智, 梁正敏, 屈孟锦, 周向梅. 结核病疫苗及接种策略研究进展[J]. 中国防痨杂志, 2021, 43(6): 625-630. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6621.2021.06.018

WANG Yuan-zhi, LIANG Zheng-min, QU Meng-jin, ZHOU Xiang-mei. Research progress of tuberculosis vaccine and vaccination strategy[J]. Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis, 2021, 43(6): 625-630. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6621.2021.06.018

图/表 1

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类别	抗原	佐剂/载体	佐剂/载体说明	临床阶段
添加佐剂的亚单位疫苗
M72	Rv1196+Rv0125	AS01	脂质体,TLR4受体激动剂	Ⅱb
H56	ESAT-6+Ag85B+Rv2660c	IC31	抗菌肽KLK+寡脱氧核苷酸ODN1a,TLR9受体激动剂	Ⅱb
ID93	Rv2608+Rv3619+Rv3620+Rv1813	GLA-SE	溶于水包油角鲨烯乳剂中的吡喃葡萄糖脂,TLR4受体激动剂	Ⅱa
GamTBvac	Ag85A+ESAT6-CFP10	CpG ODN	寡脱氧核苷酸,TLR9受体激动剂	Ⅱa
AEC/BC02	Ag85B+ESAT6+CFP10	CpG	基于CpG和铝盐的新型佐剂BC02	Ⅰ
重组病毒载体疫苗
TB/Flu-04L	Ag85A+ESAT6	Flu-04L	减毒复制缺陷流感病毒(H1N1)	Ⅱa
AERAS-402	Ag85A+Ag85B+TB10.4	rAd35	重组复制缺陷人腺病毒载体-35	Ⅱa
Ad5Ag85A	Ag85A	Ad5	重组复制缺陷人腺病毒载体-5	Ⅰ
ChAdOx185A+MVA85A boost	Ag85A	ChAdOx1、MVA	黑猩猩腺病毒、改良安卡拉牛痘病毒	Ⅰ