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中国防痨杂志 ›› 2021, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (6): 550-556.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6621.2021.06.006

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

老年人群肺结核主动发现及患者特征分析

陈卉*, 孙彦波, 沈鑫, 竺丽梅, 王晓萌, 孙定勇, 周琳, 林定文, 陈闯, 张灿有, 张慧, 王黎霞, 詹思延(), 成君()   

  1. 100191 北京大学公共卫生学院流行病学与卫生统计学系[陈卉(在读研究生)、詹思延];中国疾病预防控制中心结核病预防控制中心(陈卉、张灿有、张慧、成君);黑龙江省疾病预防控制中心结核病预防控制所(孙彦波);上海市疾病预防控制中心结核病与艾滋病防治所(沈鑫);江苏省疾病预防控制中心慢性传染病防制所(竺丽梅);浙江省疾病预防控制中心结核病防治所(王晓萌)/河南省疾病预防控制中心结核病预防控制所(孙定勇);广东省结核病控制中心(周琳);广西壮族自治区疾病预防控制中心结核病防治科(林定文);四川省疾病预防控制中心结核病预防控制所(陈闯);《中国防痨杂志》期刊社(王黎霞)
  • 收稿日期:2021-02-26 出版日期:2021-06-10 发布日期:2021-06-02
  • 通信作者: 詹思延,成君 E-mail:siyan-zhan@bjmu.edu.cn;chengjun@chinacdc.cn
  • 基金资助:
    “十二五”国家科技重大专项(2013ZX10003-004);中国疾病预防控制中心项目(JY18-1-08)

Analysis on the characteristics of tuberculosis patients detected through active case finding in the elderly

CHEN Hui*, SUN Yan-bo, SHEN Xin, ZHU Li-mei, WANG Xiao-meng, SUN Ding-yong, ZHOU Lin, LIN Ding-wen, CHEN Chuang, ZHANG Can-you, ZHANG Hui, WANG Li-xia, ZHAN Si-yan(), CHENG Jun()   

  1. *Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China (Work unit: National Center for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China)
  • Received:2021-02-26 Online:2021-06-10 Published:2021-06-02
  • Contact: ZHAN Si-yan,CHENG Jun E-mail:siyan-zhan@bjmu.edu.cn;chengjun@chinacdc.cn

摘要:

目的 分析研究现场老年人群肺结核主动筛查情况和患者特点。方法 通过2013—2019年间4次(分别为2013、2014、2015、2018—2019年)对全国8个县区的12个乡镇/街道(分别为上海市闵行区莘庄镇,江苏省丹阳县导墅镇,浙江省衢州市江山市清湖镇,广东省广州市番禺区东环街道,河南省开封市尉氏县张市镇,黑龙江省哈尔滨市五常县安家镇和常堡乡,四川省绵阳市江油市后坝镇、二郎庙镇、重华镇,广西壮族自治区百色市平果县旧城镇、海城乡)持续居住6个月及以上且满65周岁的老年人群入户开展基本信息调查和肺结核筛查,获得老年人群肺结核患病情况,比较分析患者特点和检出率的变化情况。结果 2018—2019年符合要求的研究对象共36843名,实际完成胸部X线摄影(简称“胸片”)检查者23566名,受检率为63.96%;发现活动性肺结核患者82例。老年人群活动性肺结核检出率男性(519.53/10万,56/10779)明显高于女性(203.44/10万,26/12780),差异有统计学意义(χ2=16.843,P<0.01);检出率由65~74岁的275.70/10万(45/16322)上升至85~113岁的542.01/10万(6/1107),差异有统计学意义(χ2趋势=7.385,P=0.007);西部地区检出率较高(657.50/10万,66/10038),活动性肺结核患者密切接触者和既往结核病患者的检出率较高[9547.74/10万(19/199)和1108.03/10万(4/361)]。2013—2019年在相同研究现场开展4次筛查,随着筛查次数的增加,老年肺结核患者痰标本细菌学阳性率[31.43%(55/175);21.15%(33/156);35.29%(36/102);12.20%(10/82)]呈现降低的趋势(χ2趋势=7.290,P=0.007);4次筛查老年人群活动性肺结核检出率分别为650.49/10万(175/26903)、618.07/10万(156/25240)、474.79/10万(102/21483)和347.96/10万(82/23566),呈现下降趋势(χ2趋势=25.659,P<0.01)。 结论 开展多次主动发现后,老年人群活动性肺结核检出率持续大幅下降,需要根据人群高危因素、筛查频率和方法优化筛查策略。

关键词: 结核,肺, 主动发现, 老年人, 疾病特征

Abstract:

Objective To explore the characteristics of patients and detection rate by active screening of pulmonary tuberculosis in the elderly population in the pilot sites. Methods During 2013—2019, the basic information and tuberculosis (TB) screening were carried out four times among permanent residents over 65 years old in 12 towns or communities in 8 counties (Xinzhuang Town, Minhang District, Shanghai; Daoshu Town, Danyang County, Jiangsu Province; Qinghu Town, Jiangshan City, Quzhou City, Zhejiang Province; Donghuan Street, Panyu District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province; Zhangshi Town, Weishi County, Kaifeng City, He’nan Province; Anjia Town and Changbao Town, Wuchang County, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province; Houba Town, Erlangmiao Town and Chonghua town, Jiangyou City, Mianyang City, Sichuan Province; Jiucheng Town, Haicheng Town, Pingguo County, Baise City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region), the prevalence of TB among elderly was obtained and the characteristics of patients and the trend of detection rate were compared. Results From 2018 to 2019, among the 36843 individuals, 23566 completed chest X-ray examination with the screening rate of 63.96%, and 82 patients were diagnosed. The PTB detection rate in the elderly was significantly higher in men (519.53/100000, 56/10779) than in women (203.44/100000, 26/12780) (χ2=16.843, P<0.01). The detection rate increased with age, from 275.70/100000 (65-74 years old group, 45/16322) to 542.01/100000 (85-113 years old group, 6/1107)(χ2trend=7.385, P=0.007). The detection rate was higher in western regions (Guangxi and Sichuan, 657.50/100000 (66/10038)) compared to the counties located in middle and eastern regions of China. The detection rate of close contacts and previous TB patients was significantly higher (9547.74/100000 (19/199) and 1108.03/100000(4/361)) compared to that of non-close contacts and new cases, respectively. From 2013 to 2019, there were four times screenings conducted in the same pilot site, the bacteriology positive rate of sputum smear in elderly TB patients (31.43% (55/175), 21.15% (33/156), 35.29% (36/102), 12.20% (10/82)) decreased with the year (χ2trend=7.290, P=0.007). The TB detection rate in the elderly was 650.49/100000 (175/26903), 618.07/100000 (156/25240), 474.79/100000 (102/21483) and 347.96/100000 (82/23566) respectively, which decreased year by year (χ2trend=25.659, P<0.01). Conclusion After frequent active case finding in the same area, the TB detection rate in the elderly decreased significantly. It reflects high risk factors, frequency and screening method should be considered when an active screening policy is developed.

Key words: Tuberculosis,pulmonary, Active case finding, Aged, Disease attributes