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中国防痨杂志 ›› 2019, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (8): 876-881.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6621.2019.08.013

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

四种结核分枝杆菌检测方法临床诊断效能的评价

代小伟,陈双双,杨新宇,赵琰枫,田丽丽,易俊莉,陈昊,丁北川()   

  1. 100035 北京结核病控制研究所中心实验室
  • 收稿日期:2019-05-17 出版日期:2019-08-10 发布日期:2019-08-13
  • 通信作者: 丁北川 E-mail:bchding@163.com

Evaluation of clinical diagnostic efficacy of four detection methods for Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Xiao-wei DAI,Shuang-shuang CHEN,Xin-yu YANG,Yan-feng ZHAO,Li-li TIAN,Jun-li YI,Hao CHEN,Bei-chuan DING()   

  1. Central Laboratory of Beijing Institute of Tuberculosis Control,Beijing 100035, China
  • Received:2019-05-17 Online:2019-08-10 Published:2019-08-13
  • Contact: Bei-chuan DING E-mail:bchding@163.com

摘要:

目的 评估痰涂片抗酸染色镜检(简称“涂片法”)、L-J培养基(Lowenstein-Jenden medium)固体培养(简称“L-J法”)、BACTEC MGIT 960液体培养(简称“MGIT 960法”)及GeneXpert MTB/RIF(简称“GeneXpert法”)等4种结核分枝杆菌检测方法检出结核病病原菌的能力。方法 搜集2018年1月1日至2018年12月31日北京结核病控制研究所451例疑似肺结核患者的痰标本,同时使用涂片法、L-J法、MGIT 960法及GeneXpert法进行检测。对上述4种方法的检测结果以临床诊断情况(总体分为“肺结核患者”与“非肺结核患者”)为参考标准,计算各种检测方法的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、一致率;同时计算4种方法联合检测结果的病原学阳性率(其中任何一种方法检测结果为阳性,即判断为联合检测结果为阳性)。结果 451例疑似肺结核患者中,临床最终诊断依据《WS 288—2017肺结核诊断》标准进行,诊断为肺结核患者227例(肺结核225例、肺结核并发结核性胸膜炎2例),非肺结核患者224例[非结核分枝杆菌(NTM)肺病11例,陈旧性肺结核6例,肺部阴影待查181例,胸腔积液3例,肺纤维化1例,肺炎3例,肺癌1例,密切接触者筛查18例]。以临床诊断结果为参考标准,涂片法、L-J法、GeneXpert法、MGIT 960法检测敏感度分别为22.5%(51/227)、32.2%(73/227)、37.9%(86/227)、43.2%(98/227),特异度分别为96.0%(215/224)、96.4%(216/224)、100.0%(224/224)、95.1%(213/224),一致率分别为59.0%(266/451)、64.1%(289/451)、68.7%(310/451)、69.0%(311/451)。涂片法和L-J法联合检测,以及涂片法、L-J法和GeneXpert法联合检测,4种方法联合检测的敏感度分别为34.8%(79/227)、43.6%(99/227)、49.8%(113/227),特异度分别为96.0%(215/224)、96.0%(215/224)、93.8%(210/224),一致率分别为65.2%(294/451)、69.6%(314/451)、71.6%(323/451)。结论 以临床诊断为参考标准,MGIT 960法检测的敏感度最高;GeneXpert法检测的特异度最高;4种方法联合检测能够显著提高诊断敏感度,与临床诊断的一致率也显著提高。

关键词: 分枝杆菌,结核, 实验室技术和方法, 诊断敏感试验, 评价研究

Abstract:

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic ability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by acid-fast staining microscopy (smear), solid culture of L-J medium (L-J), liquid culture of BACTEC MGIT 960 (MGIT 960) and GeneXpert MTB/RIF (GeneXpert).Methods Sputum specimens from 451 suspected tuberculosis patients were collected from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018. Meanwhile, 4 testing methods including smear, L-J, MGIT 960 and GeneXpert were used for detection. The results of the 4 testing methods were based on the clinical diagnosis (generally divided into “tuberculosis patients” and “non-tuberculosis patients”), and the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and consistency of the 4 testing methods were calculated. The positive rate of the combined examination of the 4 testing methods was also calculated(one positive of any testing method was considered combined positive).Results The final clinical diagnosis was based on the criteria WS 288-2017, among 451 suspected tuberculosis patients, 227 tuberculosis patients (225 tuberculosis patients, 2 tuberculosis and tuberculous pleurisy), 224 non-tuberculosis patients (11 non-tuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) pulmonary disease, 6 old pulmonary tuberculosis patients, 181 lung shadows to be checked, 3 pleural effusion patients, 1 pulmonary fibrosis patient, 3 pneumonia patients, 1 lung cancer patient, 18 close contact screening patients). The sensitivity of smear, L-J, GeneXpert and MGIT 960 was 22.5% (51/227), 32.2% (73/227), 37.9% (86/227) and 43.2% (98/227), respectively. The specificity was 96.0% (215/224), 96.4% (216/224), 100.0% (224/224), 95.1% (213/224), respectively. The consistency rate was 59.0% (266/451), 64.1% (289/451), 68.7% (310/451) and 69.0% (311/451), respectively. The sensitivity of smear and L-J combination, smear, L-J and GeneXpert combination, 4 testing methods combination was 34.8% (79/227), 43.6% (99/227), 49.8% (113/227), respectively. The specificity was 96.0% (215/224), 96.0% (215/224), 93.8% (210/224), and the consistency rate was 65.2%(294/451), 69.6%(314/451), 71.6%(323/451), respectively.Conclusion Based on the clinical diagnosis as the reference standard, the sensitivity of MGIT 960 is the highest, the specificity of GeneXpert is the highest, and the 4 testing methods combination can significantly improve the sensitivity and the consistency rate with clinical diagnosis.

Key words: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Laboratory techniques and procedures, Diagnostic self evaluation, Evaluation studies